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how to factorize cubic polynomials ?


IB231997

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You can use the rational root test [ find a factor on the form (px-q) where p is a factor of 1 and q is a factor of 30] or if you are allowed to use a calculator, plot the function and find a root (a factor) then you can use synthetic division to find the other factors.

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write it out in the form (x-a)(x^2+bx+c) equation (1)

expand to get x^3 + (b-a)x^2+(c-ab)x-ac

equate it to your equation. find equivalences for the coefficients

Now let's assume that the coefficients are integers

Note that ac = -30, b-a=0 and c-ab=-19

This implies that a=b => c-a^2=-19

Find the numbers that fit those two equations ac=-30 and c-a^2=-19

Plug back into (1) and factor the quadratic

This method doesn't always work. There is a general formula, but it's too complicated. It's better to assume that there's integer answers and try from there than to be stuck and stare at the paper for hours.

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