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Subsets and Proper Substs


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Hello there! Can somebody please explain in simple terms the difference between subsets and proper subsets? I find it somewhat confusing.

If you have two sets A and B, to say that A is a subset of B (A ⊆ B) means that for any x, if x ∈ A then x ∈ B. In particular, for any set A, we have A ⊆ A, that is, A is a subset of itself.

A proper subset subset has a subtle difference. To say that A is a proper subset of B (A ⊂ B (some authors write A ⊊ B)), we mean that A ⊆ B and A ≠ B. In other words, there is at least one element of B that is not in A.

Also are integers subsets of rational numbers?

Yes, because if a is an integer than a is also rational. (Just think of it as a/1.)

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