Chemistry HL Help

[dexter]

1.Hybridization i only understand the sp3 but sp2 and sp?? why does it only become a sp2 or a sp?
2.The shapes i get names from the book and other from past papers and other from online the whole angular and pyrimedal and stuff

[avrila]

I found out that this topic is quite confusing as well. (Because I fall asleep when the teacher taught the class this topic. How bad...)
But now I can understand it a little bit. I think its better if we can wrap all the sp in a table. Hope this (kind of) table can help:

Groups Around Atom Geometry Hybrid Type Bonds (Maximum)

2 groups Linear sp 2 sigma, 2 pi
3 groups Trigonal Planar sp2 3 sigma, 1 pi
4 groups Tetrahedral sp3 4 sigma

[RAfter]

Hybridisation is just an asumption by scientists to explain the shape of the molecules. after hybridisation the hybrised orbitals are of the same energy levels and same direction.

there are kinds of bonds
1) Sigma bonds - these are hybridised orbitals -
2) Pi bonds - these are due to unhybridised orbitals

sp 2 sigma bond 2 pi bonds

sp2 3 sigma bond 1 pi bond

sp3 4 sigma bond

[dexter]

Thank you both, any idea on the shape names?

[ezex]

Linear for the 180 sp, trigonal planar for the 120 sp2 and tetrahedral for 109.5 sp3. Then you have all the other funny names but those are the simple ones.